{"id":4760,"date":"2022-12-13T18:50:55","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T17:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/?p=4760"},"modified":"2025-09-03T16:35:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T14:35:58","slug":"czym-jest-laka-i-dlaczego-jest-wazna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/pl\/czym-jest-laka-i-dlaczego-jest-wazna","title":{"rendered":"\u0141\u0105ki – dlaczego s\u0105 wa\u017cne i jak o nie dba\u0107?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Autorzy: Krzysztof Kalemba, Kamila Grzesiak, Julia Hava<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0141\u0105ki stanowi\u0105 nieod\u0142\u0105czn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 \u015brodkowoeuropejskiego a zarazem polskiego dziedzictwa. Ich wk\u0142ad w charakter krajobrazu, rolnictwo i folklor sprawiaj\u0105, \u017ce s\u0105 one bardzo wa\u017cn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 historii, a w czasach globalnego kryzysu bior\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015bci – naszymi najlepszymi sprzymierze\u0144cami.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0141\u0105ki to dzi\u015b p\u00f3\u0142naturalne tereny otwarte z dominacj\u0105 traw u\u017cytkowane przez cz\u0142owieka<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dzi\u015b skupimy si\u0119 na \u0142\u0105kach wyst\u0119puj\u0105cych w Europie Centralnej i \u015arodkowo \u2013 wschodniej \u2013 na przyk\u0142adzie Polski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bior\u0105c pod uwag\u0119 pochodzenie \u0142\u0105k, na tym obszarze geograficznym, wyst\u0119puj\u0105 \u0142\u0105ki pochodzenia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
p\u00f3\u0142naturalnego<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sztucznego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f3rskie \u0142\u0105ki z Tragopogon orientalis<\/em> w Karkonoszach. Fot. Krzysztof Kalemba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
My w poni\u017cszym artykule zajmiemy si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie \u0142\u0105kami p\u00f3\u0142naturalnymi, w kt\u00f3rych stworzeniu uczestniczy\u0142 cz\u0142owiek. Dlaczego?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Piszemy o nich, poniewa\u017c \u0142\u0105ki p\u00f3\u0142naturalne znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 obecnie cz\u0119sto na terenach prywatnych lub na terenach pa\u0144stwowych \u2013 niekoniecznie zwi\u0105zanych z ochron\u0105 przyrody. Losy tych \u0142\u0105k s\u0105 zale\u017cne od \u015bwiadomo\u015bci \u2013 nas \u2013 mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w s\u0105siaduj\u0105cych z nimi .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cofaj\u0105c si\u0119 do czas\u00f3w przed osadami ludzkimi dla Europy Centralnej najbardziej stabilnym i dominuj\u0105cym krajobrazem by\u0142 las. Ludzie, osiedlaj\u0105c si\u0119 stopniowo go wycinali \u2013 wskutek czego z czasem powsta\u0142y grunty orne, zabudowa, a tak\u017ce \u0142\u0105ki p\u00f3\u0142naturalne. Teraz tak w\u0142a\u015bnie wykszta\u0142cone \u0142\u0105ki s\u0105 od cz\u0142owieka cz\u0119\u015bciowo zale\u017cne. Dzi\u015b zabudowa jest coraz g\u0119stsza, a intensywno\u015b\u0107 upraw, u\u017cycie pestycyd\u00f3w oraz nawoz\u00f3w w s\u0105siedztwie, a tak\u017ce zmiany klimatu \u2013 wszystkie te czynniki s\u0105 dla \u0142\u0105k trudne. Dlatego-dbajmy o nie potr\u00f3jnie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Skoszona \u0142\u0105ka w Uniemy\u015blu . Fot. Krzysztof Kalemba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Znaczenie \u0142\u0105k dla cz\u0142owieka <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Cz\u0142owiek w spos\u00f3b po\u015bredni r\u00f3wnie\u017c jest zale\u017cny od \u0142\u0105k. Poniewa\u017c, jednak zale\u017cno\u015bci w ekosystemie s\u0105 skomplikowane \u2013 nie jest to widoczne na pierwszy rzut oka. Ta akurat zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 nie jest jednak trudna do zrozumienia. Uprawy oraz stabilno\u015b\u0107 ekosystem\u00f3w zale\u017cna jest od owad\u00f3w zapylaj\u0105cych, a ich domem i schronieniem s\u0105 w\u0142a\u015bnie \u0142\u0105ki. Dlatego w\u0142a\u015bnie ich ochrona jest tak wa\u017cna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Znaczenie \u0142\u0105k mo\u017cna oczywi\u015bcie rozpatrywa\u0107 tak\u017ce w kategoriach krajobrazowych i to\u017csamo\u015bciowych \u2013 gdzie mozaika p\u00f3l uprawnych, \u0142\u0105k i las\u00f3w \u2013 to tradycyjny Polski krajobraz. Bardziej abstrakcyjnie mo\u017cna te\u017c doceni\u0107 ich istnienie w og\u00f3le- wyobra\u017caj\u0105c sobie \u015bwiat bez \u0142\u0105k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niezale\u017cnie od pobudek \u2013 potrzebne jest dzia\u0142anie tu i teraz. Dlatego w\u0142a\u015bnie w ramach projektu LIFE Apollo2020<\/em> zach\u0119camy do zapoznania si\u0119 ze sposobami na dbanie o lokalne dziedzictwo \u2013 jakim jest bior\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015b\u0107 na \u0142\u0105kach w naszej cz\u0119\u015bci Europy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0141\u0105ki z Phleum pratense<\/em> w G\u00f3rach Skalistych \/ Sudety. Fot. Krzysztof Kalemba<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dbanie o \u0142\u0105k\u0119<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Je\u015bli chcemy zachowa\u0107 \u0142\u0105ki p\u00f3\u0142naturalne jako dom dla, dla zapylaczy i innych organizm\u00f3w musimy o nie dba\u0107. \u0141\u0105ka nie ma \u0142atwo, kiedy dotyka j\u0105 susza lub kiedy pojawi si\u0119 sporo ro\u015blin silniejszych od jej sta\u0142ych mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w. \u0141\u0105ki powinny by\u0107 u\u017cytkowane w okre\u015blony spos\u00f3b poprzez : koszenie, zbieranie skoszonej biomasy, wypas zwierz\u0105t \u2013 ale ekstensywny \u2013 intensywny \u0142\u0105ce nie s\u0142u\u017cy. Wa\u017cne jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c dbanie o to by \u0142\u0105ka nie straci\u0142a wody, a tak\u017ce, by nie zarasta\u0142y j\u0105 drzewa i krzewy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zaopiekowana \u0142\u0105ka to zdrowa \u0142\u0105ka, kt\u00f3ra z czasem b\u0119dzie radzi\u0142a sobie \u201eprawie\u201d sama. Zdrow\u0105 \u0142\u0105k\u0119 mo\u017cna rozpozna\u0107 po r\u00f3\u017cnorodno\u015bci ro\u015blin \u2013 a te z kolei pozwalaj\u0105 przetrwa\u0107 owadom \u2013 kt\u00f3re r\u00f3wnie\u017c mo\u017cemy na takiej \u0142\u0105ce zaobserwowa\u0107.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Autorzy: Krzysztof Kalemba, Kamila Grzesiak, Julia Hava \u0141\u0105ki stanowi\u0105 nieod\u0142\u0105czn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 \u015brodkowoeuropejskiego a zarazem polskiego dziedzictwa. Ich wk\u0142ad w charakter<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":4775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[252,365],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-motyle-dla-poczatkujacych","category-rozrywka"],"yoast_head":"\n
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