{"id":9125,"date":"2025-02-10T11:35:04","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T10:35:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/prinos-pastvy-pro-parnassius-apollo-1-cast"},"modified":"2025-02-10T11:35:06","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T10:35:06","slug":"prinos-pastvy-pro-parnassius-apollo-1-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/cs\/prinos-pastvy-pro-parnassius-apollo-1-cast","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00ednos pastvy pro Parnassius apollo (1. \u010d\u00e1st)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Autor: Vlado Vancura<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je 1. \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed seri\u00e1lu o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch pastvy pro Apollo. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st bude zve\u0159ejn\u011bna p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Parnassius apollo<\/em> je ohro\u017een. Populace tohoto druhu mot\u00fdla se v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch dramaticky sn\u00ed\u017eily. Existuj\u00ed zem\u011b, kde do\u0161lo k poklesu asi o 20 %, ale tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9, kde je pokles mnohem dramati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a to asi o 50 %. Velmi p\u0159itom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 oblasti.   <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anal\u00fdza poskytuje d\u016fkaz, \u017ee nejslab\u0161\u00ed poddruhy a formy Apolla jsou ty, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z n\u00edzk\u00fdch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, zat\u00edmco formy ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Alp a dal\u0161\u00edch, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jihoevropsk\u00fdch, vysok\u00fdch poho\u0159\u00ed jsou st\u00e1le relativn\u011b velk\u00e9 a siln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-disappearing-habitats-apollo-requires-open-habitats\">Mizej\u00edc\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b &#8211; Apollo vy\u017eaduje otev\u0159en\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jednou z hypot\u00e9z vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00edch tyto rozd\u00edly je, \u017ee oblasti s n\u00edzkou nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b byly v posledn\u00edch 20 letech siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bny industrializac\u00ed, novou v\u00fdstavbou a neb\u00fdvalou intenzifikac\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Zmizelo tak zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a potravy pro Apolla. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V n\u00e1vaznosti na tuto hypot\u00e9zu vid\u00edme, \u017ee tento druh v\u00fdvoje nebyl p\u0159ed 20 lety ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch horsk\u00fdch oblastech tak z\u0159ejm\u00fd. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 krajina vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bkem v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch stalet\u00edch a udr\u017eovan\u00e1 pastvou st\u00e1le poskytovala fragmenty vhodn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165 pro Apolla. D\u011blo se tak navzdory st\u00e1le masivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu opou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b sp\u00e1san\u00e9 krajiny (Fred &amp; Brommer, 2005).  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od doby ledov\u00e9 p\u016fsobil na m\u00edstn\u00ed populace Apolla selek\u010dn\u00ed tlak zp\u016fsoben\u00fd m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatem, kter\u00fd se projevoval zmen\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm stepn\u00edch biotyp\u016f. Tento tlak vedl k adaptaci na nov\u00e9 biotopy, jako jsou hory, skaln\u00ed st\u011bny a louky. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postupn\u011b se Apollo zm\u011bnil z typick\u00e9ho stepn\u00edho na horsk\u00fd stepn\u00ed druh. K tomu do\u0161lo v Alp\u00e1ch a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na ji\u017en\u00edch v\u00e1pencov\u00fdch svaz\u00edch Karpat a v\u00fdsledkem byl vznik \u010detn\u00fdch forem a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pyrgus.de\/Parnassius_apollo_en.html\">poddruh\u016f<\/a> Apolla. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"current-habitat-of-apollo\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b Apolla<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jako stepn\u00ed a horsk\u00fd subalp\u00ednsk\u00fd subbore\u00e1ln\u00ed druh ob\u00fdv\u00e1 Apollo v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu r\u016fzn\u00e9 biotopy. Vyskytuje se na v\u0159esovi\u0161t\u00edch, v k\u0159ovin\u00e1ch, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch travnat\u00fdch spole\u010denstvech n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch biotop\u016f a tak\u00e9 na mal\u00fdch lesn\u00edch m\u00fdtin\u00e1ch. Mezi nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed biotopy pat\u0159\u00ed alp\u00ednsk\u00e9 a subalp\u00ednsk\u00e9 tr\u00e1vn\u00edky, such\u00e9 v\u00e1pnit\u00e9 tr\u00e1vn\u00edky a svahy v n\u00e1horn\u00edch oblastech.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro Apolla jsou vhodn\u00e9 i otev\u0159en\u00e9 krajiny, jako jsou skaln\u00ed st\u011bny a skaln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b vysoko v evropsk\u00fdch poho\u0159\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Alp\u00e1ch nebo Karpatech. Pro udr\u017een\u00ed stabiln\u00edch populac\u00ed Apollo je nutn\u00e9, aby stanovi\u0161t\u011b poskytovalo larv\u00e1m \u017eivn\u00e9 rostliny, zejm\u00e9na<em> rozchodn\u00edky, serpent\u00fdny <\/em>a<em> Teleephium sp.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V sou\u010dasnosti jednotliv\u00e9 formy a poddruhy Apolla ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed mal\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, n\u011bkdy omezen\u00e1 na jednotliv\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 masivy nebo dokonce svahy, jak bylo dolo\u017eeno v Alp\u00e1ch a Karpatech.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Parnassius apollo<\/em> se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fdm druhem. Historie ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159e\u017eil dramatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny po\u010das\u00ed a dokonce se t\u011bmto zm\u011bn\u00e1m dok\u00e1zal v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit. To d\u00e1v\u00e1 nad\u011bji, \u017ee tento druh s na\u0161\u00ed podporou a p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o sv\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt i v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: Vlado Vancura Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je 1. \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed seri\u00e1lu o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch pastvy pro Apollo. Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st bude zve\u0159ejn\u011bna p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":2007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[193],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-butterflies-for-beginners-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>P\u0159\u00ednos pastvy pro Parnassius apollo (1. \u010d\u00e1st) - Parnassius apollo project LIFE Apollo2020<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/cs\/prinos-pastvy-pro-parnassius-apollo-1-cast\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u0159\u00ednos pastvy pro Parnassius apollo (1. \u010d\u00e1st)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autor: Vlado Vancura Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je 1. \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed seri\u00e1lu o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch pastvy pro Apollo. 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