{"id":9040,"date":"2025-02-10T11:33:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T10:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/upadek-parnasia-apolla"},"modified":"2025-02-10T11:33:45","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T10:33:45","slug":"upadek-parnasia-apolla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parnassius-apollo.life\/cs\/upadek-parnasia-apolla","title":{"rendered":"\u00dapadek Parnasia apolla"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mot\u00fdl Parnassius apollo, obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako mot\u00fdl Apollo, je kr\u00e1sn\u00fd a ikonick\u00fd druh mot\u00fdla vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v Evrop\u011b a Asii. Tento druh bohu\u017eel rychle ub\u00fdv\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku n\u011bkolika faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ztr\u00e1ty stanovi\u0161\u0165, zm\u011bny klimatu a nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho sb\u011bru. <\/p>\n\n

Mot\u00fdl Apollo m\u00e1 velmi specifick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na stanovi\u0161t\u011b, jimi\u017e jsou vysokohorsk\u00e9 louky a skalnat\u00e9 svahy se specifick\u00fdmi druhy rostlin, kter\u00e9 mu slou\u017e\u00ed k potrav\u011b a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato stanovi\u0161t\u011b jsou v\u0161ak ohro\u017eena lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed, jako je cestovn\u00ed ruch, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a rozvoj infrastruktury. V d\u016fsledku toho populace mot\u00fdla Apollo alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm tempem kles\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n

Faktory poklesu <\/h3>\n\n

Parnassius apollo pat\u0159\u00ed k nejatraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mot\u00fdl\u016fm a velmi \u010dasto je oce\u0148uj\u00ed nejen v\u011bdci, ale i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci. Proto je \u00fabytek tohoto druhu mot\u00fdla tak citliv\u00fd a bolestn\u00fd. \u00dabytek druhu Parnassius apollo, zejm\u00e9na ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, se datuje ji\u017e od 19. stolet\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed postupn\u00e9ho \u00fabytku, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody dokonce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slovo vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, tohoto mot\u00fdla v Evrop\u011b zjistili mnoho p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee \u00fabytek je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zp\u016fsoben kombinovan\u00fdm negativn\u00edm vlivem na populaci Parnassius. <\/p>\n\n

Na \u00fabytku populace Parnassius apollo se pod\u00edl\u00ed n\u011bkolik hlavn\u00edch faktor\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch faktor\u016f je \u00fabytek stanovi\u0161\u0165. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem jsou lidsk\u00e9 aktivity, jako je cestovn\u00ed ruch, rozvoj infrastruktury a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Po\u017eadavky na stanovi\u0161t\u011b<\/h3>\n\n

Mot\u00fdl Apollo m\u00e1 velmi specifick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na stanovi\u0161t\u011b, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed vysokohorsk\u00e9 louky a skalnat\u00e9 svahy s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi druhy rostlin, kter\u00e9 mu slou\u017e\u00ed k potrav\u011b a rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud jsou tato stanovi\u0161t\u011b zni\u010dena nebo znehodnocena, populace mot\u00fdla kles\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n

\"Ztráta
Kombinace ztr\u00e1ty stanovi\u0161\u0165, zm\u011bny klimatu, nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho sb\u011bru a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou hlavn\u00edmi faktory, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k \u00fabytku druhu Parnassius apollo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Zm\u011bna klimatu<\/h3>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje populaci mot\u00fdl\u016f Apollo, je zm\u011bna klimatu. \u017divotn\u00ed cyklus mot\u00fdla je \u00fazce spjat s na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00edm dostupnosti hostitelsk\u00fdch rostlin a opylova\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt naru\u0161eno zm\u011bnami teplot a sr\u00e1\u017eek. V d\u016fsledku toho nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt mot\u00fdl schopen dokon\u010dit sv\u016fj \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b se rozmno\u017eovat. <\/p>\n\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed <\/h3>\n\n

K \u00fabytku mot\u00fdla Apollo p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jeho nadm\u011brn\u00fd sb\u011br. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 mot\u00fdla sb\u00edraj\u00ed pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely nebo pro soukrom\u00e9 sb\u00edrky, jin\u00ed pro v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na populaci v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad, zejm\u00e9na pokud se tak ned\u011bje udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. <\/p>\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f<\/h3>\n\n

Mot\u00fdl Apollo je tak\u00e9 ovlivn\u011bn pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm pesticid\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek v \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Tyto l\u00e1tky mohou b\u00fdt pro mot\u00fdla a jeho hostitelsk\u00e9 rostliny toxick\u00e9 a mohou naru\u0161it k\u0159ehkou rovnov\u00e1hu ekosyst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n\n

Celkov\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee k \u00fabytku populace Parnassius apollo p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm<\/a> kombinace ztr\u00e1ty biotop\u016f, zm\u011bny klimatu, nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho sb\u011bru a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby byly vyvinuty \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 snahy, kter\u00e9 by tyto probl\u00e9my \u0159e\u0161ily a chr\u00e1nily tento kr\u00e1sn\u00fd druh. <\/p>\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed skupiny faktor\u016f<\/h3>\n\n

Odborn\u00edci se shodli na t\u0159ech hlavn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch faktor\u016f, jako jsou: <\/p>\n\n

a) p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed faktory v\u010detn\u011b dlouhodob\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, sukcese stanovi\u0161\u0165 a kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch anom\u00e1li\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed; <\/p>\n\n

b) antropogenn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed \u0161irok\u00fd dopad industrializace a nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho sb\u011bru mot\u00fdl\u016f; <\/p>\n\n

c) vnitropopula\u010dn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed genetickou erozi a zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Ztr\u00e1ta biotop\u016f je bezpochyby nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktorem.<\/mark><\/a> pro dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed Apolla. Existuje n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f a monitoring\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace o p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ady mot\u00fdl\u016f v jejich biotopech v Evrop\u011b. <\/p>\n\n

\u00dasil\u00ed o ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h3>\n\n

Na ochranu mot\u00fdla Apollo bylo realizov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (jedn\u00edm z nich je n\u00e1\u0161 projekt LIFE Apollo2020). Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b obnova stanovi\u0161\u0165, chov v zajet\u00ed a ochrana v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch lokalit. Tyto snahy v\u0161ak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1ny ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a koordinovan\u011b za \u00fa\u010dasti mnoha zainteresovan\u00fdch stran, v\u010detn\u011b vl\u00e1d, nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f, m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit a jednotlivc\u016f. <\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je t\u0159eba p\u0159ijmout nal\u00e9hav\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vyhynut\u00ed mot\u00fdla Apollo. \u00dasil\u00ed o ochranu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt komplexn\u00ed a dob\u0159e koordinovan\u00e9, aby se zajistilo dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed tohoto kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho a v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho druhu. <\/p>\n\n

Velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 je v tomto ohledu zpr\u00e1va vypracovan\u00e1 expertem IUCN ji\u017e p\u0159ed dv\u011bma desetilet\u00edmi. Tyto \u00fadaje poskytly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro jak\u00fdkoli n\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a managementov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na podporu p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed tohoto vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho mot\u00fdla. Tato pr\u00e1ce poskytuje r\u016fzn\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla nebo by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata, aby se zastavil dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fabytek mot\u00fdla Parnassius apollo. <\/p>\n\n

Zm\u011bna klimatu p\u0159edstavuje pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed druhu Parnassius apollo v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu. Zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 \u010detnost extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jev\u016f mohou m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopad na jejich stanovi\u0161t\u011b, zdroje potravy a celkov\u00fd zdravotn\u00ed stav a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mot\u00fdl Parnassius apollo, obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako mot\u00fdl Apollo, je kr\u00e1sn\u00fd a ikonick\u00fd druh mot\u00fdla vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v Evrop\u011b a Asii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":6306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","ghostkit_customizer_options":"","ghostkit_custom_css":"","ghostkit_custom_js_head":"","ghostkit_custom_js_foot":"","ghostkit_typography":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[193],"tags":[195],"class_list":["post-9040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-butterflies-for-beginners-cs","tag-parnassius-apollo-cs"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00dapadek 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